What are the two key requirements outlined in the second paragraph of 112?

The correct response highlights two crucial aspects of patent claims as outlined in the second paragraph of 35 U.S.C. § 112. The first requirement is that the claims must distinctly identify the invention being claimed, which ensures that the scope of the invention is clear. This is essential for delineating what is protected by the patent and helps prevent ambiguity regarding the patent's coverage.

The second aspect is that claims must define the limits of the invention. This means that the claims need to articulate the boundaries of the patent rights, which aids in determining the extent of protection granted under the patent. This requirement not only serves to inform the public about the rights conferred but also plays a vital role in avoiding infringement disputes.

Other options do not capture the essence of the requirements specified in § 112's second paragraph. Claims must be detailed and precise rather than merely simple or easy to understand. There is no mention in the statute regarding summarization of the specification or providing examples, nor is there a requirement for claims to reference prior patents specifically, as described in some of the alternative choices. Ultimately, the clarity and definitiveness of claims are paramount in the patent examination process to ensure that inventors can protect their inventions effectively.