Which of the following is NOT patentable subject matter?

Scientific principles found in nature are not considered patentable subject matter because they are deemed to be natural phenomena or laws of nature. The patent system is designed to encourage innovation by granting rights over specific inventions that meet certain criteria of novelty, non-obviousness, and utility. However, concepts that exist in nature without human intervention are not eligible for patent protection because they do not constitute an invention or a new application of a process or product.

In contrast, a new method for business operations, a unique invention using computer software, and a method of calculating statistical analyses can all qualify as patentable subject matter. These options represent specific applications or implementations that are created by individuals and can meet the patentability requirements, since they provide a novel solution to a problem or enhance existing practices.